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1994-05-02
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<text>
<title>
Indian Ocean: Geography
</title>
<article><hdr>The World Factbook 1993: Indian Ocean
Geography</hdr><body>
<p>Location: body of water between Africa, Asia, Australia, and
Antarctica
</p>
<list>
<l>Area:</l>
<l> total area: 73.6 million km2</l>
<l> comparative area: slightly less than eight times the size of the
US; third-largest ocean (after the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Ocean,
but larger than the Arctic Ocean)</l>
</list>
<p>note: includes Arabian Sea, Bass Straight, Bay of Bengal, Java Sea,
Persian Gulf, Red Sea, Straight of Malacca, Timor Sea, and other
tributary water bodies
</p>
<p>Coastline: 66,526 km
</p>
<p>International disputes: some maritime disputes (see littoral
states)
</p>
<p>Climate: northeast monsoon (December to April), southwest monsoon
(June to October); tropical cyclones occur during May/June and
October/November in the north Indian Ocean and January/February in
the south Indian Ocean
</p>
<p>Terrain: surface dominated by counterclockwise gyre (broad,
circular system of currents) in the south Indian Ocean; unique
reversal of surface currents in the north Indian Ocean, low
atmospheric pressure over southwest Asia from hot, rising, summer air
results in the southwest monsoon and southwest-to-northeast winds and
currents, while high pressure over northern Asia from cold, falling,
winter air results in the northeast monsoon and
northeast-to-southwest winds and currents; ocean floor is dominated by
the Mid-Indian Ocean Ridge and subdivided by the Southeast Indian
Ocean Ridge, Southwest Indian Ocean Ridge, and Ninety East Ridge;
maximum depth is 7,258 meters in the Java Trench
</p>
<p>Natural resources: oil and gas fields, fish, shrimp, sand and
gravel aggregates, placer deposits, polymetallic nodules
</p>
<p>Environment: endangered marine species include the dugong, seals,
turtles, and whales; oil pollution in the Arabian Sea, Persian Gulf,
and Red Sea
</p>
<p>Note: major chokepoints include Bab el Mandeb, Strait of Hormuz,
Strait of Malacca, southern access to the Suez Canal, and the Lombok
Strait; ships subject to superstructure icing in extreme south near
Antarctica from May to October
</p></body></article></text>